Hearing for Motion to Dismiss Lawsuit

The hearing for Ed Tolley’s motion to dismiss my lawsuit is Friday at 9:00 in the Athens-Clarke County courthouse. I would appreciate your thoughts and prayers.  More information can be found at Georgia whistleblower law unconstitutional, say lawyers defending Board of Regents in lawsuit from the Athens Banner Herald.

Georgia whistleblower law unconstitutional, say lawyers defending Board of Regents in lawsuit
By Lee Shearer

Part of a Georgia law allowing whistleblowers to collect damages after being retaliated against by bosses is unconstitutional, lawyers for the state Board of Regents are saying.

And even if it’s not, former University of Georgia accountant Sallyanne Barrow waited too late to file suit for her allegedly wrongful firing, according to lawyers Ed Tolley and Devin Hartness Smith, who are defending the Board of Regents.

They are asking a Superior Court judge to throw the case out on those grounds in court papers filed in August.

The Regents’ lawyers also argued in earlier filings that Barrow’s firing was for good and proper reasons.

Barrow filed suit in December, saying she was retaliated against and ultimately fired after revealing questionable travel expenses and time accounting by her then-boss, former UGA alumni office director Deborah Dietzler.

The retaliatory actions continued under the alumni office’s current director, Meredith Gurley Johnson, according to Barrow’s lawsuit.

According to lawyers representing the Regents, administrators had valid reasons to give Barrow bad performance reviews, however.

But whether Barrow was retaliated against is beside the point, according to the Regents’ most recent filings, which ask Senior Judge Robert Adamson to toss the lawsuit before it goes to trial.

Barrow, associate director of the UGA Office of Alumni Relations, was fired in 2014, months after she told UGA police and other officials that Dietzler was scheduling work-related trips around marathons she ran in around the country. Dietzler also wasn’t recording time she took off from work, she said.

A subsequent UGA internal investigation found “evidence of substantial misconduct and policy violations by Ms. Dietzler,” and further investigation by the state Office of the Attorney General concluded “some of Dietzler’s activities likely constituted criminal conduct that warranted further investigation and possible prosecution.”

But Senior Assistant Attorney General David McLaughlin said prosecuting Dietzler would be “an unwise use of taxpayer resources” because of UGA administrators’ inaction following the audit.

UGA failed to turn over the internal audit to University System of Georgia officials, as required by state policy, and did not discipline or fire Dietzler, but instead shifted her to other duties while she looked for work elsewhere.

UGA administrators said what they did was not a cover-up, but an oversight.

Dietzler found a similar job at the University of Louisville, but resigned after news of the UGA investigation became public.

Barrow says bad performance reviews from Dietzler and Johnson, who ultimately terminated her, were retaliatory and in some instances based on “blatant misrepresentations.”

But even if that’s so, Barrow’s not entitled to collect compensatory damages under the Georgia Whistleblower Act, according to the Regent’s lawyers.

That’s because the Whistleblower Act doesn’t override a 1992 state law called the Georgia Tort Claims Act, which spells out when citizens are allowed to sue the state, and how they must go about doing it.

Under a long-standing legal principle called sovereign immunity, sovereigns or governments are immune from lawsuits except when they grant permission.

The Whistleblower Act doesn’t override that, argue the state’s lawyers.

And the Tort Claims Act also sets a one-year statute of limitations, after which alleged victims of retaliation cannot sue.

Barrow failed to file within the proper time period, they say.

One thought on “Hearing for Motion to Dismiss Lawsuit

  1. State Whistleblower Statutes

    While some states had whistleblower statutes during the early part of the twentieth century, most of the action in regards to state legislation to protect whistleblowers occurred in the latter half of the century. In the 1980s, for example, 15 states passed general whistleblower statutes, and many state courts further developed a public policy exception to the at-will employment doctrine for whistleblowers. The result is that state courts have become a major arena for whistleblower cases.

    General State Whistleblower Statute

    As a rule, state whistleblower statutes differ from federal whistleblower statutes in several significant ways. The first is that with only a couple exceptions, state whistleblower statutes do not follow the compensation model of the federal False Claims Act. Those exceptions are Illinois, Florida, Oregon, South Carolina, and Wisconsin. Only Illinois and Florida provide compensation for whistleblowers anywhere near what the federal law provides, with the other three states providing less satisfactory compensation.

    State whistleblower statutes instead provide protection from retaliation for whistleblowing. Unlike the federal governments, the majority of state governments have whistleblower statutes that generally protect all employees who report violations of the law by their employers, in addition to having whistleblower statutes covering the violations of specific laws. In many states, these general whistleblower protections are limited to public employees, although other states have protections for both private and public employees.

    States with general whistleblower statues that protect both private and public employees include: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Tennessee.

    States with general whistleblower statutes that protect only public employees include Alaska, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

    Many of the state laws provide employees with a private cause of action, providing another contrast with federal whistleblower statutes. This allows the employee to sue directly in the courts, rather than having to go through an agency of the state.

    Public Policy Exception

    In addition to specific statutes protecting whistleblowers, many state courts have enunciated a public policy exception for whistleblowers to the at-will employment doctrine which allows employees who are not under contract to be dismissed by their employers at any time.

    The public policy exception for whistleblowers usually holds that employers should not be able to use their power as employers to subvert public policy as established by the legislatures or the courts. Employees who are fired, demoted, or harassed for refusing to violate a law, rule or regulation, or who report a violation of such, can sue their employer under this theory.

    State courts can read this public policy exception either narrowly or broadly, depending on the particular court. More conservative courts may insist on showing the act of the employer caused actual harm to the public interest before allowing a public policy exception. But some state courts will award punitive damages if they find a strong public policy violation.

    Federal Preemption

    When federal and state whistleblower laws conflict, the federal laws preempt the state laws. Because states tend to have traditionally been responsible for employment issues, courts have been leery of finding preemption when it comes to whistleblower statutes. However, in some instances they have found such preemption exists. The test seems to be whether the federal law concerns an area of strong enough federal concern that it did not leave room for state regulation. Preemption cases involving whistleblower statutes have yielded mixed results over the past two decades.

    State-by-State Guide to Whistleblower Coverage

    Besides statutes protecting whistleblowers in general, most states protect whistleblowers in specific areas, such as employment of minors, abuse of children, nursing home violations, or wage and hour vio-lations. Whether the whistleblower is protected in a specific area depends on the state.

    The following is a state-by-state guide to some of the different areas where whistleblowers are protected if they report violations in those areas:
    •ALABAMA: Child labor violations.
    •ALASKA: Occupational safety and health violations, the Alaskan Railroad Company violations, child care facilities violations, assisted living homes violations, legislative employees violations.
    •ARIZONA: Water quality control violations, occupational safety and health violations.
    •ARKANSAS: Civil rights violations, fair housing violations, long term care violations.
    •CALIFORNIA: State universities violations, savings associations violations, health care facilities violations, elderly care facilities violations, occupational safety and health violations, toxic substances violations, fraudulent unemployment actions violations, mental health facilities violations.
    •COLORADO: Minimum wage law violations, false disclosures to the state violations.
    •CONNECTICUT: Environmental violations, information to auditors or public accountants violations, child care violations, violations committed by leaders or employees of a foundation violations, civil rights violations, collective bargaining for state employees violations, public schools violations, nursing homes violations, minimum wage violations, Labor Relations Act violations, child abuse violations.
    •DELAWARE: Public and private schools violations, nursing homes violations, civil rights violations, workers compensation fraud violations, long term care facilities violations, child labor violations, minimum wage violations, firefighters violations, public works contractors violations, hazardous chemical control.
    •DISTRICT of COLUMBIA: Procurement issues violations, discrimination and civil rights violations, unfair labor practices violations, workers compensation fraud violations, minimum wage violations, occupational safety and health violations, long term care facilities violations.
    •FLORIDA: Child abuse violations, long term care facilities violations, continuing care facilities violations.
    •GEORGIA: Fraud in state programs violations, unfair labor practices violations, gender discrimination in minimum wage laws violations.
    •HAWAII: Unfair labor practices violations, elder care violations, minimum wage laws violations, civil rights violations, occupational safety and health violations.
    •IDAHO: Sanitation violations on farms violations, fair wage law violations, environmental protection violations, PCB waste disposal violations, minimum wage laws violations, state human rights law violations, long term care facilities violations.
    •ILLINOIS: Field sanitation for agricultural workers violations, prevailing wage law violations, disclosures by transportation authority workers violations, civil rights laws violations, migrant worker conditions violations, unfair labor practices violations, public and private schools violations, elder care violations, nursing home facilities violations, minimum wage laws violations, equal pay laws violations, occupational safety and health violations, toxic substances violations.
    •INDIANA: Elder care violations, health care facilities violations, long term care facilities violations, education violations, political subdivisions violations.
    •IOWA: Collective bargaining violations, public health facility personnel violations, civil rights violations.
    •KANSAS: Reporting disease violations, child abuse violations, elder care violations, working conditions violations.
    •KENTUCKY: Occupational safety and health violations, long term facilities violations, firefighters violations.
    •LOUISIANA: Health care providers violations, lead hazard reduction licensing of certification violation violations, insurance code violations, hospitals violations, long-term care facilities violations, environmental laws violations.
    •MAINE: Human rights law violations, occupational safety and health violations, em-ployment practices violations, state universities violations, judicial branch violations, agricultural violations, public utility violations.
    •MARYLAND: Occupational safety and health violations, civil rights violations.
    •MASSACHUSETTS: Domestic service violations, health care violations, asbestos abatement violations, hazardous substances violations, child care violations, minimum wage violations, civil rights violations.
    •MICHIGAN: Adult care provider violations, civil rights violations, long-term care facility violations, occupational safety and health violations.
    •MINNESOTA: Child care facility violations, unfair labor practice violations, civil rights violations, occupational safety and health violations, health services violations, asbestos abatement violations.
    •MISSISSIPPI: Workers compensation violations, vulnerable adult violations.
    •MISSOURI: Nursing home violations, public health violations, Department of Correction violations, mental health facility violations, in home care provider violations, long term care facility violations.
    •MONTANA: Unlawful discrimination violations.
    •NEBRASKA: Occupational safety and health violations, unlawful discrimination violations, Industrial Relations Act violations, nursing home violations.
    •NEVADA: Long term care facility violations, occupational safety and health violations, mental health care facility violations.
    •NEW HAMPSHIRE: Hazardous waste law violations, human rights law violations, asbestos management and control violations, elder care violations, dog and horse racing facility violations, toxic substance control violations, child care facility violations.
    •NEW JERSEY: Ski tow lift and tramway violations, hazardous substance violations, civil rights violations, child abuse violations, occupational safety and health violations, minimum wage violations, elder care violations.
    •NEW MEXICO: Long term care facility violations, residential care facility violations, occupational safety and health violations, radiation control violations.
    •NEW YORK: Civil rights violations, elder care facility violations, occupational safety and health violations, minimum wage violations, Labor Relations Act violations, toxic substances control violations, health care facility violations.
    •NORTH CAROLINA: Long term care facility violations, violations of state law by department, agency or local political subdivision.
    •NORTH DAKOTA: Child abuse and welfare violations, adult care facility violations, mentally and physically handicapped violations, minimum wage law violations, long-term facility care violations, agency misuse of funds violations.
    •OHIO: Long term care facility violations, child care facility violations, minimum wage law violations, nursing home violations, health care facility violations, abuse of mentally handicapped adult violations.
    •OKLAHOMA: Children’s group home violations, civil rights violations, violations occurring in group homes for person with developmental or physical disabilities, child abuse violations, foster care violations, occupational safety and health violations, nursing home violations.
    •OREGON: Adult care facilities violations, long term care facilities violations, collective bargaining violations, occupational safety and health violations, civil rights violations.
    •PENNSYLVANIA: Occupational safety and health violations, radioactive waste violations, Community Right to Know Act violations, toxic substances violations, civil rights violations, seasonal farm workers rights violations, public utility company violations.
    •RHODE ISLAND: State hospital violations, long-term care facility violations, asbestos abatement violations, insurance company violations, HMO violations, non-profit hospital violations.
    •SOUTH CAROLINA: Occupational safety and health violations, long-term care facility violations.
    •SOUTH DAKOTA: Civil rights violations, collective bargaining violations.

    •TENNESSEE: State educational system violations, nursing home facility violations, child care facility violations, mental health and disability facilities violations, adult care facilities violations, minimum wage violations, occupational health and safety violations.
    •TEXAS: Agricultural laborer violations, worker health and safety violations, immediate-term care facility violations, treatment facility violations, hospital and health care facility violations.
    •UTAH: Minimum wage law violations, occupational safety and health violations, long term care facility violations.
    •VERMONT: Occupational safety and health violations, Polygraph Protection Act violations, fair employment practices violations, state labor practices violations, long term care facilities violations.
    •VIRGINIA: Occupational safety and health violations, adult care facilities violations, child welfare protection violations, nursing home facilities violations.
    •WASHINGTON: Agricultural laborer violations, long-term care facility violations, minimum wage law violations, nursing home violations, state hospital violations.
    •WEST VIRGINIA: Miners health, safety and welfare protection violations, nursing home violations, personal care home violations, residential care violations, asbestos abatement violations, occupational safety and health violations, equal pay law violations, minimum wage law violations.
    •WISCONSIN: Residential care facility violations, long-term care facility violations, rural medical center violations, collective bargaining violations, solid waste facility violations.
    •WYOMING: Long-term care violations, equal pay act violations, occupational safety and health violations.

    Additional Resources

    “Bringing Rogues to Justice: The Qui Tam Provisions of the False Claims Act,” Androphy, Joel, Adam Peavy, Texas Bar Journal, February 2002.

    “The State of State Whistleblower Protection” Callahan, Elletta Sangrey, Terry Morehead Dworkin, American Business Law Journal, Fall 2000.

    “State Whistleblower Statutes and The Future of Whistleblower Protection” Vaughn, Robert G., Administrative Law Review, Spring 1999.

    “Silencing the Whistleblower: The Gap Between Federal and State Retaliatory Discharge Laws,” O’Leary, Trystan Phifer, Iowa Law Review, January 2000.

    Organizations

    National Whistleblower Center

    P.O. Box 3768
    Washington, DC 20007 USA
    Phone: (202) 342-1902
    Fax: (202) 342-1904
    URL: http://www.whistleblowers.org
    Primary Contact: Kris Kolesnik, Executive Director

    Office of Administrative Law Judges: United States Department of Labor

    Suite 400 North, 800 K Street, NW
    Washington, DC 20001-8002 USA
    Phone: (202) 693-7300
    Fax: (202) 693-7365
    URL: http://www.oalj.dol.gov
    Primary Contact: P.J. Soto, Director, Office of Program Operations

    U.S. Department of Labor

    200 Constitution Avenue, NW
    Washington,DC 20210 USA
    Phone: (866) 487-2365
    URL: http://www.dol.gov/
    Primary Contact: Elaine Chao, Secretary of Labor

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